Waste from paper mills is normally sent to landfill. This can be a costly and environmentally sensitive operation. A new alternative – known as Waste-to-Power – collects, treats, and converts waste into energy or saleable by-products. ANDRITZ is at the forefront of exciting developments in this area.

纸厂产生的废料通常会被填埋掉，这是一种即费钱而又不利于环境的行为。如今有另外一种选择：变废为宝，通过这种技术可以收集、处理以及将废料转变成能源或可被再次销售的副产品。ANDRITZ 处于这令人兴奋的发展领域的前沿。

Most of us try not to waste what we have. We hope to get the most value from everything before we have to discard it. The same is true for the Pulp & Paper industry.

我们当中大部份人都在努力避免浪费现有的资源，在丢弃任何东西之前我们都希望尽可能从中获取最大利用价值。在制浆造纸行业，我们的做法也同样如此。

Our industry has an enviable record of recycling and reusing raw materials. Virtually every part of a tree is used timber, paper, or energy production. Chemical are recovered and recycled. Waste is expensive. It costs money to transport it, handle it, and dispose of it. And, waste can have serious environmental implications if it contains potentially harmful chemicals.

制浆造纸行业在回收和再次利用原材料方面已经取得令人羡慕的成绩。事实上，树的每一部分都是用来做成木材、纸张或用来发电，化学品会被回收循环利用。废料需要花昂贵的成本在运输、处理和处置上。此外，如果废料中含有害的化学物质，会对环境产生严重的影响。

In recycled paper mills, waste can be particularly bothersome. Some of the waste comes in with the raw materials: plastics, textiles, wood, scrap, wires, and other contaminants are an unavoidable part of the wastepaper collection process. While there are several “protection” systems in mills to detect and screen out these impurities before they work their way into the paper stock, sometimes the impurities get through.

在处理回收纸张的纸厂里，废料特别令人讨厌。有些废料夹杂在原料中，如：塑料、纺织物、木材、小碎片、铁丝和其它杂质，这是废纸回收过程种不可避免的一部份。尽管在工艺流程中有几个“保护”工段用来检测并筛除这些杂质，但有时候杂质还是会进入到纸浆中去。

In addition to the waste that comes in with raw materials, mill processes also generate waste. Sludge and rejects are generated when recycled fibers are processed and deinked. Sludge is also generated when the raw water and wastewater are treated. These mill sludges can sometimes be difficult to handle and dry. Since transportation costs, gate fees, and landfilling costs are often assigned on a per-tonne basis, the extra weight of water in the waste increases the cost. Much of this cost can be avoided, however, with a good dewatering system.

除了这些夹杂在原料中的废料，纸厂本身在生产过程中也会产生废料。当处理回收纤维并对其进行脱墨时会产生污泥和浆渣。当对原水和废水进行处理时也同样会产生污泥。有时这些从纸厂产生的污泥比较难被处理和干燥。因为运输费及填埋费用通常会分摊到每吨纸的生产费用上，废料所含的额外重量会提高整体成本。如果使用一个高效的脱水系统，就可以免去大部份的处理费用。

To increase the challenge, the European Union has released a directive banning waste disposal of raw materials and waste fractions which should be recycled and/or utilized as secondary products.

为了增加挑战，欧盟已经颁布了一项指令，原料中的废料以及废料组份需要被回收或者作为副产品再次利用。

Creating an opportunity

创造机遇

Where there is a potential problem, there is potentially an opportunity. At least that is how Michael Waupotitsch of ANDRITZ sees it. Waupotitsch is Vice President, Sludge/Rejects Treatment & Waste-to-Power for ANDRITZ PULP & PAPER’s Pulping and Fiber Division.

哪里有问题，哪里就有机遇。至少ANDRITZ公司Michael Waupotitsch是这样认为的。Waupotisch是安德里茨制浆造纸事业部，制浆和纤维制备部门负责污泥/浆渣处理&变废为宝产品组副总裁。

The opportunity is that as energy and fuel prices increase in Europe, it becomes economically attractive to convert problematic waste materials into steam for the mill (or electricity if combined with a turbine-generator). In this way and internal “fuel” source is created, disposal costs are avoided, landfill volume is reduced, and the burden on the environment is lessened.

机遇就是，随着欧洲的能源及燃油价格进一步提高，将令人烦恼的废料转化成纸厂使用的蒸汽变得非常具有经济吸引力(如果配套一个汽轮发电机还可将其转化成电能)。通过这种方法，即解决了纸厂内部的“燃料”问题也避免了处理费用，填埋量变少，环境压力也得到减轻。

Waupotitsch’s team develops equipment and Waste-to-Power (WTP) technologies to create energy from mill waste. “It is not magic, but rather good science,” Waupotitsch says. “We produce heat either directly by burning the waste in a controlled environment, or indirectly by generating a fuel gas that can be burned or further processed.”

Waupotitsch带领的团队研发出了变废为宝(WTP)的技术，该技术可将纸厂废料变成能源。“这不是魔术，而是一项好技术，”Waupotitsch说到，“我们可以在不影响环境的情况下直接将废料燃烧产生热量或间接生产出可被燃烧或被进一步处理的燃料。”

Waste to fuel

废料变燃料

WTP is the process that turns rejects, sludges, and other mill residuals into combustible fuels. There are various technologies to do this. The front-end technologies are for handling the rejects and preparing them to be converted into fuel. Downstream processes convert the waste into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. ANDRITZ is working both front-end and downstream through its various divisions and business areas. The focus of Waupotitsch’s team is on the front-end processes.

WTP是可以把浆渣、污泥和其它纸厂残余物转化为可燃燃料的一种工艺，这种工艺结合了多种技术。前端技术用于处理浆渣并将其转化成燃料做好准备，后续的工艺将废料转化成固体、液体或气态燃料。ANDRITZ 为其各个不同的部门和业务领域研发前端技术和后续处理工艺。Waupotitsch的团队主要专注于研发前端技术。

Each mill situation is slightly unique, according to Waupotitsch. Therefore, the WTP team’s approach is to design a solution based on the mill’s specific goals and requirements. “There is no standard solution,” he says, “but there are standard modules that can be combined with some custom solutions. We have to analyze what waste streams are available, the heating values of the various potential fuels, the existing equipment at the mill, and what the desired end result is.”

据Waupotitsch所说，每个纸厂的情况都有其独特性，因此，WTP研发团队采用的方法是根据纸厂具体的目标和要求设计解决方案。“没有标准的解决方案，”他说到，“但是有可以跟定制方案结合起来的标准设计模块。我们要分析废水流是否可用、各种潜在燃料的热值、纸厂现有的设备以及客户想要的效果”。

The ANDRITZ-developed modules available today are for rejects handling, sludge handling, drying, and fuel preparation at the front-end, as well as the combustion systems (boilers and gasifiers). This equipment can be used standalone, as small “process islands,” or can be integrated into a total system.

ANDRITZ 目前已经开发的模块可用于浆渣处理、污泥处理、干燥和前端燃料制备以及燃料系统(锅炉和气化炉)。设备可以当作“process islands”单独使用或整合到一个完整的系统里。

Rejects handling. With very few exceptions, practically all recycled paper rejects can be used as a fuel source. What ANDRITZ does is to separate out contaminants which cannot be readily converted into energy. An early step is to remove coarse iron-containing metals using a powerful magnet. The separated metal can be recycled as scrap. Then the rejects are made smaller and more homogenous in a shredder or crusher. After this, the material may have to be dried before being combusted.

浆渣处理。除了极少数例外情况，所有的回收纸张废料都可以作为燃料资源。ANDRITZ所做的是，把不容易被转成能源的杂质分离出来。首先，用一个强力磁铁除去含铁的大块金属，分离出来的金属可以当作金属废料回收，然后通过破碎机或压碎机将尾渣变成更小、更均一的颗粒，之后，废料在被送去燃烧这前需要被进行干燥处理。